1. Cɛmancɛ ni kabakurun, kuarz cɛncɛn filɛriw .
1). Single-Layer filter media san 1829, Chelsea Water Supply Company min bɛ London, Angletɛri, o ye filɛri kɛyɔrɔ fɔlɔ dɔ jɔ min bɛ kɛ dɔɔnin dɔɔnin walasa ka a dilan tiɲɛ na. Filɛri kɛyɔrɔ sumayalen baara senfɛ, nɔgɔ minnu bɛ ji la, olu bɛ to ka lajɛ filɛri kɔnɔ, ka dɔ fara filɛriw kɛlɛli kan ani ka dɔ bɔ u filili hakɛ la dɔɔni dɔɔni. O la, kalo 2 fo kalo 3 baara kɔfɛ, a ka kan ka segin a cogo kɔrɔ la, ka segin ka bila baara la. San 1885, Amerikikaw ye filɛri teliyalan dɔ dabɔ ani ka filɛri teliyalen fɔlɔ jɔ san 1909, o min ye filɛri kɛyɔrɔ nɔgɔlenw ka nafamafɛnw ɲɛnabɔ ani ka dɔ fara kosɛbɛ filɛri teliya kan. Nin waati in na, filɛri ye kelen ye-filtration layer, ani filɛriw ye cɛncɛn ni kabakurunw ye, quartz cɛncɛn, a ɲɔgɔnnaw.
2). Multi-filɛlikɛlanw ni filɛri fɛɛrɛw ɲɛtaa sabatili, jamana kɔnɔ ani jamana kɔkan ɲininikɛlaw ye Multi-Layer Filter Media Filtration (Tilefɔni kunnafonidilanw) labɛn ɲɔgɔn kɔ. Multi-filɛlikɛlan minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya baarakɛcogo la, olu ye fila-filɛlikɛlan ye ani saba-layer filɛriw. San 1940, Ameriki ye double-layer filter tank labɛn fɔlɔ. Nin filɛri in bɛ baara Kɛ ni filɛrifɛn yeelenma ye min ka density (dansi) ka dɔgɔn ani a ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan hakɛ ka bon sanfɛla la, ani filɛri gɛlɛn min bɛ ni density (dansi) ye min ka bon ani a fɛnɲɛnamafagalan hakɛ fitinin bɛ duguma-yɔrɔ la. Baarakɛcogo kunnafoniw b’a jira ko fila-fila ka nɔgɔya minɛni seko min bɛ filɛri kɛ, o bɛ kɛ siɲɛ fila laadalata single-layer filter material ye, ani filɛri hakɛ bɛ caya ni siɲɛ 0,5 ye. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli min kɛra saba la-layer filter material technology kan, o daminɛna san 1960 waatiw la, a ka c’a la, a tun bɛ baara kɛ ni kɔɔri, cɛncɛn ani garnet ye i n’a fɔ filɛri fɛnw. Nin filɛri tanki in ka filɛri hakɛ bɛ se ka kɛ siɲɛ 3 ye siɲɛ 3 ka kɛɲɛ ni-filɛli teliyalan ye ani siɲɛ 2 ka bɔ kɔɔri la-sand double-layer filɛri tanki.
San laban ninnu na, sokɔnɔ ɲininikɛlaw fana ye ɲɛtaa bɛnninw kɛ filɛrifɛn na, wa a bɛ kɛ ka caya, o ye karɔbɔli ni kuran cɛncɛn baarakɛtaw faralen ye ɲɔgɔn kan. Zhang Sheng ani mɔgɔ wɛrɛw minnu bɛ Tsinghua Iniwɛrisite la, olu ye ji camanba furakɛli sɛgɛsɛgɛ-Algae ji sɔrɔyɔrɔ ji la ni karɔbɔli ye min bɛ baara kɛ-Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen Sand Double-Layer Deep Bed Filter. Jateminɛw y’a jira ko karɔbɔli min bɛ baara kɛ-Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, o ye filɛri fila ye min bɛ se ka kɛ ni ji ye min bɛ kɛ ni ji ye min bɛ kɛ ni ji ye, o bɛɛ lajɛlen ye 95,1% ye, kulorofilili bɔli hakɛ ye 92,2% ye, o ye 54,3% bɔli hakɛ ye, o ye 63,6%, Chromaticity bɔli hakɛ ye.
3). Filɛlikɛlan kelen-kelen Filɛlikɛlan min bɛ dilan nin filɛri-minɛn in fɛ, o bɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan hakɛbaw ye, cɛmancɛ ani misɛnninw dakun kelen-kelen bɛɛ la k’a ta sanfɛ ka taa duguma, wa u hakɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ bɛn walima u bɛ surunya. Filɛlikɛlanw ka yɔrɔ lakolon hakɛ min bɛ filɛri dilan sanfɛla ni duguma sira fɛ, o ye kelen ye, o la, filɛri dilan ji ka jibɔ cogoya fana ye kelen ye. Filɛlikɛlan kelenw bɛ se ka se sɔrɔ ka ɲɛ ka ɲɛ, wa flocw bɛ don filɛri dilan kɔnɔ fo ka se ka ji caman ni ji ɲuman sɔrɔli nɔ sɔrɔ.
2. Seramiki granule filɛriw .
Seramsite sɔrɔli bɛ se ka sɔrɔ ka se san 1885 ma, nka a dabɔra tiɲɛ na Sjhayde fɛ san 1918. Ne ka jamana y’a daminɛ ka Cramsite dilanni n’a waleyacogo sɛgɛsɛgɛ san 1950 daminɛ na. Seramsite bɛ dilan ni izini nɔgɔw tolenw ye, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw walima fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw fililenw ani shale inferior. Micropores minnu bɛ seramisi kɔnɔ, olu ye porose ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka seramsite kɛ ni bulk density, fanga ka bon ani chemical corrosion resistance jogo ye. Seramsite filɛri fɛn yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen bɛ kɛ siɲɛ 6 fo ka se siɲɛ 8 ma, a bɛ kɛ ni quartz sand filter material ye, ani a porosity bɛ kɛ 1,7 fo 2,2 ye siɲɛ 2,2 ta ye quartz cɛncɛn na.
San laban ninnu na, seramisiti kɛra fɛn ye min bɛ kɛ ka ji nɔgɔlenw furakɛ, ni ji nɔgɔlen furakɛli nɔ ɲuman don, wa amoniyasi azote bɔli hakɛ bɛ se ka tɛmɛ 90% kan. Kato et al. Aw bɛ seramiki falenfɛnw kɛ minnu bɛ kɛ ni porose ye walasa ka dumuni ji nɔgɔlenw furakɛ. Ni ji marali waati kɛra 30,17H ye, COD bɔli hakɛ cayalenba tɛmɛna 87% kan. Sisan, jamana kɔnɔ ani jamana wɛrɛw ka ɲininikɛlaw ye seraramsiti filɛrifɛn kuraw dilan i n’a fɔ seramizi enzyme, seramikisɛ nɔgɔman sɛrɛkili, ani nano-seramsite sɛmɛntiyalen min sinsinnen bɛ seramisi kɔrɔlen kan. Enzyme ceramsite bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ enzymes ka katalitiki nɔ na walasa ka furakɛli nɔ bonya; Seramsite min ka nɔgɔn sɛrɛkili la, o nafa bɛ sɔrɔ a ɲɛda gɛlɛn na, a density damatɛmɛnen, a fanga ka bon, ani a ka friction resistance; nano-Ceramsite modifié bɛ baara kɛ ni nanotechnologie ye walasa ka filɛri kɛcogo sɛmɛntiya. Filɛrifɛn in sanfɛla la, nanofɛnw bɛ yen, o b’a to a furakɛli fanga ka bon.
3. Filɛri fɛn sɛmɛntiyalen .
Ni an y’a jateminɛ ko filɛrifɛnw minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya, olu ka yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dan ye i n’a fɔ quartz cɛncɛn, seraramsite ani anthracite, charge négative min bɛ surface kan cogoyaw la minnu tɛ fɛn kɛ walima minnu tɛ sɔrɔ, ɲininikɛlaw ye filɛri fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya, minnu kɛra barokun ye min ka di kosɛbɛ ɲinini caman kama. Filɛri fɛn caman sɛmɛntiyalen ye ka fɛn caman sɛmɛntiyalen dɔ datugu filɛri fɛn talen sanfɛ farikolo ni kemikɛli walew fɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka filɛri fɛn fɔlɔw sanfɛla farikolo ni a kemikaliyaw Changer, o min bɛ se ka filɛrifɛn ka seko ni a ka adsorption seko ɲɛ fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔw la, ani ka jibolisiraw ji cogoya ɲɛ. Waleya y’a jira ko filɛri fɛn caman sɛmɛntiyalenw bɛ se ka dɔ fara filɛrifɛn yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kan ani k’a ka adsorption seko bonya, walasa adsorption ni oxydation saniya baara minnu bɛ bonya, olu bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni fɛn bɛɛ ye, minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ni fɛn suguya caman ye, banakisɛw, ani jɛgɛw ye ji la. Filɛlikɛlanw sɛmɛntiyalenw tɛ se ka makromolekuliw ni kolosinsinnanw dɔrɔn adsorb, nka u bɛ se ka nɛgɛ gɛlɛn ion caman ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw caman ani fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw caman sɛnɛ ji la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka ji cogoya ɲɛ ka ɲɛ.
1). Filɛlikɛlan caman sɛmɛntiyalenw nɔgɔ furakɛli kama Xiangyang bɛ montmorillonite ni sepiolite modifié modifiés kɛ ka nɔgɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw minɛ ji la. A bɛ Sɔrɔ ko ni ji bɛ 'tɛmɛsira nɛgɛ dɔw Sɔrɔ i n'a fɔ nɛgɛ, chrome, manganɛsi, nɛgɛ, ani platini, 'tɛmɛsira lankolonw bɛ 'yɔrɔ lankolonw Sɔrɔ atomi walima baarakɛ-kulu dɔw ka 'elektɔron fla kelenw na fɛnɲɛnamaw la, o min b'a To a bɛ 'fɛnɲɛnɛma-fɛn dɔw ka kemikaliya sirili nɔgɔya kosɛbɛ. Karamɔgɔ Gao Naiyyun ye alumina dacogo kɛ ka kuartz cɛncɛn sɛmɛntiya walasa ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɔ, wa a y’a ye ko TOC ni CODMN jiralanw jibɔyɔrɔ la, o y’a jira ko finimugu in ka fisa ni cɛncɛn ye min ma datugu. Dunanw ka ɲininiw daminɛna o ko in na ka kɔn o ɲɛ. San 1989, Jiban K.Satpathy ye quartz sand sivied surface coate ni geometric hakɛ cɛmancɛ ye 0,7mm ni nɛgɛ nitrate ye. A y’a Sɔrɔ a sanfɛla yɔrɔ bɛ caya ni siɲɛ 40 ɲɔgɔn ye, o bɛ Se ka kadɔmu, chrome ani siyanidi Bɔ kadɔmu ni chromium plating ji nɔgɔlenw na ka ɲɛ. San 1996, Arun Joshi ni mɔgɔ wɛrɛw minnu bɔra Ɛndujamana ka seko ni dɔnko baarada la, olu ye nɛgɛ ɔkisidi da min dilalen don ni nɛgɛ ye ni nɛgɛ nitiriti ye min datugulen don ni nɛgɛ ye min bɛ wele ko quartz cɛncɛn sanfɛ ni jateminɛ hakɛ ye 0,49mm ye i n’a fɔ filɛri fɛn walasa ka asɛki bɔli minɛn fitinin dɔ kɛ min ka dɔgɔ-Sɔrɔlen asɛki bɔli minɛn na walasa ka dugujukɔrɔjiw bɔ dugujukɔrɔjiw la.
2). Filɛlikɛlan caman sɛmɛntiyalen ji furakɛli kama ni ɲinini kɛra filɛrikɛlanw kan minnu sɛmɛntiyalen don nɔgɔw furakɛli kama, olu bɛ ka caya ka taa a fɛ, ɲinini min kɛra ji furakɛli kan, o fana daminɛna. Zhou Yuexi ni dɔwɛrɛw y’a ye ko dugukolo sanfɛla caman sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ se ka fositɛriw bɔ ji la kosɛbɛ, wa nɛgɛ gɛlɛn ionw bɔli hakɛ i n’a fɔ Cr3+ ani Cu{4}} bɛ 90% sanfɛ Maeda ni mɔgɔ wɛrɛw bɛ Japon ka ferriki hidrɔkisidi da korali kabakurun kan walasa ka nɛgɛ sɔrɔ-Korali kabakurun filɛri fɛn na, min bɛ se ka asɛki pentavalent adsorb ji la ka ɲɛ nɛgɛ sanfɛ-Korali kabakurun San 1990 daminɛ na, Karamɔgɔ Benjamin n’a ka ɲininikɛlaw y’a daminɛ ka baara kɛ ni filɛrifɛnw ye minnu sɛmɛntiyalen don ji furakɛli la; Stenkamp ni mɔgɔ wɛrɛw ye nɛgɛ baara kɛ ni nɛgɛ ye-Kuartz sand filɛri fɛnw sɛmɛntiyalenw filɛriw kama walasa ka nɛgɛmuguma fɛnɲɛnamafagalan caman bɔ minnu chargera koɲuman ani emulsion fɛnɲɛnamafagalan minnu bɛ charge négatifs. Jateminɛw y’a jira ko filɛri fɛn sɛmɛntiyalen tun ka fisa ni quartz sand fɔlɔ ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛɛ la. Filɛri fɛn sɛmɛntiyalen bɛ ni kuran-sɛnɛ-seko barikama ye, a kɔgɔli waati surun, wa a bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ coagulant hakɛ la; Jerzy Lu Kasik et al. cɛncɛn datugulen ni nɛgɛ idɔrɔkisidi ni aluminiyɔmu idɔrɔkisidi ye walasa ka filɛrifɛn caman sɛmɛntiya walasa ka fɛnɲɛnama misɛnninw bɔ ji la. Jateminɛw y’a jira ko Escherichia coli, kolera banakisɛw, polio banakisɛ 1, ani Escherichia coli fage MS-2 bɔli hakɛw ji la, olu bɛɛ tun bɛ 99% sanfɛ.